What Is Tooth Decay?

Tooth decay is a common disease that affects the structure of the tooth. It begins with the demineralization of the enamel, the tooth’s outer protective layer. In its earliest stages, decay usually does not cause pain, which makes it difficult to detect without regular dental checkups.

Development and Symptoms of Tooth Decay

As tooth decay progresses, it begins to affect the inner layers of the tooth. This leads to symptoms such as tooth sensitivity—especially when eating or drinking hot, cold, or sweet foods. If left untreated, decay can reach the tooth pulp, causing severe pain and potentially infecting the bone or even spreading to other parts of the body.

Treatment of Tooth Decay by Stage

Early Stage: At this point, the most effective treatment is enamel remineralization. This can be achieved by using fluoride toothpaste, adopting a low-sugar diet, and receiving fluoride varnish applications during regular dental visits.

Intermediate Stage: If decay has progressed beyond the enamel, a dental filling will be required. This procedure removes the decay and fills the resulting cavity, preventing further damage and preserving the tooth’s function.

Advanced Stage: When decay reaches the pulp, root canal treatment may be necessary, or in severe cases, the tooth may need to be extracted. Root canal therapy involves removing the infected pulp in order to save the tooth.

Prevention and Dental Care

To prevent tooth decay, it is essential to maintain proper oral hygiene. This includes brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly for checkups and professional cleanings. Avoiding sugary foods and drinks is also key to preventing cavities.

If you already have a cavity, it is crucial to treat it in its early stage to avoid more serious complications. Remember: prevention and consistent care are your best defense against tooth decay.